Tag: Chemistry

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CBSE- Grade 9 Chemistry Syllabus

CBSE chemistry syllabus that covers all the required topics and units in an organized manner. Students from different boards can also visit this syllabus for reference. CBSE board conducts studies and research before modifying and prescribing syllabus for any class and subsequently implements changes time to time. Now download Chemistry syllabus for class 9 and know which are the chapters and units included and eliminated from the previous syllabus.

The list of units in class 9 Chemistry is mentioned below.

TOPICS

  1. Matter in Our Surroundings
  2. Is Matter Around Us Pure?
  3. Atoms and Molecules
  4. Structure of the Atom
1. Matter in Our Surroundings

1.A. Physical Nature of Matter
1.B. Characteristics of Particles of Matter
1.C. States of Matter
1.D. Can Matter change its State?
1.E. Evaporation

2. Is Matter Around Us Pure?
2.A. What is a mixture?
2.B. What is a solution?
2.C. What is a suspension solution?
2.D. Separating the components of a Mixture
2.E. Physical and Chemical Changes
2.F. What are the types of pure Substances?
3. Atoms and Molecules
3.A. Laws of Chemical combination
3.B. What is an Atom?
3.C. What is a Molecule?
3.D. Writing Chemical formulae
3.E. Molecular mass and mole concept
4. Structure of the Atom
4.A. Charged Particles in Matter
4.B. The structure of an Atom
4.C. How are Electrons distributed in different orbits (Shells)?
4.D. Valency
4.E. Atomic number and Mass number
4.F. Isotopes
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CBSE- Grade 8 Chemistry Syllabus

CBSE chemistry syllabus that covers all the required topics and units in an organized manner. Students from different boards can also visit this syllabus for reference. CBSE board conducts studies and research before modifying and prescribing syllabus for any class and subsequently implements changes time to time. Now download Chemistry syllabus for class 8 and know which are the chapters and units included and eliminated from the previous syllabus.

The list of units in class 8 Chemistry is mentioned below.

TOPICS

  1. Synthetic Fibres And Plastics
  2. Materials: Metals And Non-Metals
  3. Coal And Petroleum
  4. Combustion And Flame
  5. Pollution Of Air And Water
1. Synthetic Fibres And Plastics

1.A. What are Synthetic Fibres?
1.B. Types of Synthetic Fibres
1.C. Characterics of Synthetic Fibres
1.D. Plastics
1.E. Plastics as Materials of Choice
1.F. Plastics and the Environment

2. Materials: Metals And Non-Metals
2.A. Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals
2.B. Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals
2.C. Uses of Metals and Non-metals
3. Coal And Petroleum
3.A. Coal
3.B. Petroleum
3.C. Natural Gas
3.D. Some Natural Resources are Limited
4. Combustion And Flame
4.A. What is Combustion?
4.B. How Do We Control Fire?
4.C. Types of Combustion
4.D. Flame
4.E. Structure of a Flame
4.F. What is a Fuel?
4.G. Fuel Efficiency
5. Pollution Of Air And Water
5.A. Air Pollution
5.B. How does Air Get Polluted?
5.C. Case Study- The Taj mahal
5.D. Greenhouse Effect
5.E. What can be Done?
5.F. Water Pollution
5.G. How does Water Get Polluted?
5.H. What is Potable Water and How is Water Purified?
5.I. What Can be Done?
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CBSE- Grade 7 Chemistry Syllabus

CBSE chemistry syllabus that covers all the required topics and units in an organized manner. Students from different boards can also visit this syllabus for reference. CBSE board conducts studies and research before modifying and prescribing syllabus for any class and subsequently implements changes time to time. Now download Chemistry syllabus for class 7 and know which are the chapters and units included and eliminated from the previous syllabus.

The list of units in class 7 Chemistry is mentioned below.

TOPICS

  1. Fibre to Fabric
  2. Acids, Bases and Salts
  3. Physical and Chemical Changes
  4. Soil
  5. Water: A precious resource
  6. Forests: Our lifeline
  7. Wastewater Story
1. Fibre to Fabric

1.A. Wool
1.B. Silk

2. Acids, Bases and Salts
2.A. Acids and Bases
2.B. Natural Indicators around us
2.C. Neutralisation
2.D. Neutralisation in everyday life
3. Physical and Chemical Changes
3.A. Physical Changes
3.B. Chemical change
3.C. Rusting of Iron
3.D. Crystallisation
4. Soil
4.A. Soil teeming with life
4.B. Soil profile
4.C. Soil types
4.D. Properties of soil
4.E. Moisture in soil
4.F. Absorption of water by soil
4.G. Soil and crops
5. Water: A precious resource
5.A. How much water is available
5.B. Forms of water
5.C. Groundwater as an important source of water
5.D. Depletion of water table
5.E. Distribution of water
5.F. Water management
5.G. What role you can play
5.H. Effect of scarcity of water on plants
6. Forests: Our lifeline
6.A. Visit to a forest
7. Water: A precious resource
7.A. Water, our lifeline
7.B. What is sewage?
7.C. Water freshens up – An eventful journey
7.D. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)
7.E. Better housekeeping practices
7.F. Sanitation and disease
7.G. Alternative arrangement for sewage disposal
7.H. Sanitation at public places
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CBSE- Grade 6 Chemistry Syllabus

CBSE chemistry syllabus that covers all the required topics and units in an organized manner. Students from different boards can also visit this syllabus for reference. CBSE board conducts studies and research before modifying and prescribing syllabus for any class and subsequently implements changes time to time. Now download Chemistry syllabus for class 6 and know which are the chapters and units included and eliminated from the previous syllabus.

The list of units in class 6 Chemistry is mentioned below.

TOPICS

  1. Fibre to Fabric
  2. Sorting Materials into Groups
  3. Separation of Substances
  4. Changes Around Us
  5. Water
  6. Air Around Us
1. Fibre to Fabric

1.A. Variety in Fabrics
1.B. Fibre
1.C. Some Plant Fibres
1.D. Spinning Cotton Yarn
1.E. Yarn To Fabric
1.F. History Of Clothing Material

2. Sorting Materials into Groups
2.A. Objects Around Us
2.B. Properties of Materials
3. Separation of Substances
3.A. Methods of Separation
4. Changes Around Us
4.A. Can All Changes Always Be Reversed?
4.B. Could There Be Other Ways To Bring a Change?
5. Water
5.A. How Much Water Do We Have?
5.B. Where Do We Get Water From?
5.C. Water Cycle
5.D. Back To The Oceans
5.E. What If It Rains Heavily?
5.F. What Happens If It Does Not Rain For A Long Time?
5.G. How Can We Conserve Water?
5.H. RainWater Harvesting
6. Air Around Us
6.A. Is Air Present Everywhere Around Us?
6.B. What Is Air Made Up Of?
6.C. How Does Oxygen Become Available To Animals and Plants Living In Water and Soil?
6.D. How is the Oxygen in the Atmosphere Replaced?
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CBSE- Grade 10 Chemistry Syllabus

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We provides you complete study material along with CBSE class 10 Chemistry Syllabus along with sample papers, covering all the updated units and chapters in a structured manner. Students searching for new topics and chapters can find everything in the official website and download the file in any format. Knowing the syllabus especially for class 10 board exam is equally important as exam preparation, since you get to know which are the units and chapters carry maximum marks and require to spend more time. Now download chemistry syllabus and know the current list of units and chapters along with the topics eliminated if any from the previous syllabus.

The CBSE board is known for its standard principles in framing the syllabus and when it comes to class 10 board exams, special care is taken for the student’s performance and future. The syllabus is designed based on flexibility so that it can be adapted by any kind of student based on different potentials and capabilities.

The list of units in class 10 Chemistry is mentioned below.

TOPICS

  1. Chemical Reactions and Equations
  2. Acid, Bases and Salts
  3. Metal and Non-metals
  4. Carbon and its Compounds
  5. Periodic Classification of Elements
  6. Our Environment
1. Chemical Reactions and Equations

1.A. Chemical equation
1.B. Balancing chemical equation
1.C. Types of chemical reactions combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement
1.D. Precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and reduction

2. Acid, Bases and Salts
2.A. Acid, Bases and Salts
2.B. What do all acids and bases have in common
2.C. How strong are acids or base solution. Importance of pH in everyday life
2.D. Salts
2.E. Preparation and uses of sodium hydroxide, Bleaching powder
2.F. Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris
3. Metal and Non-metals
3.A. Physical properties & Chemical properties of metal
3.B. Reactivity series
3.C. How do metals and non metals react
3.D. Occurrence of metals
3.E. Corrosion and its prevention
4. Carbon and its Compounds
4.A. Bonding in carbon- covalent bonding
4.B. Versatile nature of carbon
4.C. Saturated and unsaturated compounds, chain, branches and rings
4.D. Homologous series
4.E. Nomenclature of carbon compounds
4.F. Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion)
4.G. Chemical properties of carbon compounds ( oxidation, addition and substitution reaction)
4.H. Properties and reactions of Ethanol
4.I. Properties and reactions of Ethanoic acids
4.J. Soaps and Detergents
5. Periodic Classification of Elements
5.A. Early attempts at the classification of elements
5.B. Mendeleev’s periodic table
5.C. Modern periodic table
5.D. Trends in modern periodic table
5.E. Periodic properties of elements
5.F. Electro-negativity of element
6. Our Environment
6.A. What happens when when we add waste to our surrounding
6.B. Ecosystem: what are its components
6.C. How do our activities affect environment
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CBSE- Grade 12 Chemistry Syllabus

Your latest CBSE syllabus for class 12 Chemistry along with study material and question paper pattern. It is important to know which are the units and chapters included in class 12 chemistry syllabus along with NCERT solutions so that you get to know the new units added which were not the part of syllabus last year and whether any of the previous chapters and topics are deleted.

CBSE is always concerned about the results and performances of students in their academics and therefore imparts modifications in class 12 chemistry syllabus after proper studies and discussions with the board members. Every change points towards the overall development and advancement of the students by keeping the importance of primary education and role of future generations in the economic growth.

The list of units in class 12 Chemistry is mentioned below.

TOPICS

  1. Solid State
  2. Solutions
  3. Electrochemistry
  4. Chemical Kinetics
  5. Surface Chemistry
  6. General Principle and Process of Isolation of Elements
  7. The p-Block Elements
  8. The d- and f- Block Elements
  9. Coordination Compounds
  10. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
  11. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
  12. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxyllic Acids
  13. Amines
  14. Biomolecules
  15. Polymers
  16. Chemistry in Everyday Life
1. Solid State

1.A. General characteristics of solid state, Amorphous and crystalline solids
1.B. Classification of crystalline solids: molecular and ionic solids
1.C. Classification of crystalline solids: covalent and metallic solids
1.D. Crystal lattices and unit cell
1.E. Number of atoms in a unit cell
1.F. Close packed structure in one and two dimension
1.G. Close packing in three dimensions
1.H. Formula of a compounds and number of voids filled
1.I. Packing efficiency
1.J. Calculation involving unit cell dimension: density of unit cell
1.K. Imperfections in solids
1.L. Electrical properties
1.M. Band theory of metals
1.N. Magnetic properties

2. Solutions
2.A. Types of solutions
2.B. Expressing concentration of solutions
2.C. Solubility: solubility of solid in liquid
2.D. Solubility of gas in a liquid
2.E. Raoult’s law
2.F. Colligative properties and determination of molar mass: relative lowering of
vapour pressure
2.G. Elevation of boiling point
2.H. Depression of freezing point
2.I. Osmosis and osmotic pressure
2.J. Reverse osmosis and water purification
2.H. Abnormal molar mass: Van’t Hoff factor
3. Electrochemistry
3.A. Electrochemical cells
3.B. Galvanic cells
3.C. Measurement of electrode potential
3.D. Nernst equation > 100
3.E. equilibrium constant from Nernst equation
3.F. Electrochemical cell and Gibbs free energy of reaction
3.G. Conductance of electrolytic cell
3.H. Measurement of conductivity of ionic solutions
3.I. Variation of conductivity and molar conductivity with concentration
3.J. Kohlrausch law
3.K. Electrolytic cell and electrolysis
3.L. Products of electrolysis
3.M. Batteries
3.N. Fuel cell
3.O. Corrosion
4. Chemical Kinetics
4.A. Rate of chemical reaction
4.B. Factors influencing rate of reaction
4.C. Rate expression and rate constant
4.D. Order and molecularity of reaction
4.E. Integrated rate equations
4.F. Half life of a reaction
4.G. Pseudo first order reaction
4.H. Temperature dependence of rate of reaction
4.I. Arrhenious equation
4.J. Effect of catalyst
4.K. Collision theory of chemical reactions
5. Surface Chemistry
5.A. Adsorption: distinction between adsorption and absorption and mechanism
5.B. Types of adsorption
5.C. Adsorption isotherms and application of adsorption
5.D. Catalysis
5.E. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst
5.F. Adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalyst
5.G. Enzyme catalysis
5.H. Colloids and classification of colloids
5.I. “Classification based on types of particles of dispersed phase, multimolecular,
macromolecular and associated colloids”
5.J. Preparation of colloids
5.K. purification of colloidal solution
5.L. Properties of colloidal solution
5.M. Coagulation
5.N. Emulsions
5.o. Colloids around us
6. General Principle and Process of Isolation of Elements
6.A. Occurrence of metals
6.B. Concentration of ores
6.C. Extraction of crude metals from concentrated ore
6.D. Thermodynamics principle of metallurgy
6.E. Application of thermodynamics principle: extraction of iron from iron oxide
6.F. Extraction of copper from cuprous oxide
6.G. Extraction of zinc from zinc oxide
6.H. Electrochemical principle of metallurgy
6.I. Oxidation and reduction
6.J. “Refining: distillation, liquation, electrolysis, zone refining, Vapour phase
refining and chromatographic methods”
6.K. Uses of copper, iron and zinc
7. Th p-Block Elements
7.A. Occurrence
7.B. Group 15 elements: general characteristics
7.C. Physical and chemical properties of group 15 elements
7.D. Dinitrogen
7.E. Ammonia and nitric acid
7.F. Oxides of nitrogen
7.G. Phosphorous allotropic form
7.H. Phosphine
7.I. Phosphorus halide
7.J. oxoacids of phosphorus
7.K. Group 16 elements: occurence
7.L. Group 16 elements: general characteristics
7.M. Physical and chemical properties of group 16 elements
7.N. Dioxygen
7.O. Simple oxides
7.P. Ozone
7.Q. sulphur allotropic form
7.R. Sulphur dioxide
7.S. Oxoacids of sulphur
7.T. Sulphuric acid
7.U. Group 17 elements: occurrence
7.V. Group 17 elements: general characteristics
7.W. Physical and chemical properties of group 17 elements
7.X. Chlorine, Hydrogen chloride
7.Y. Oxoacids of halogens
7.Z. Interhalogen compounds
7.Z1. Group 18 elements: general characteristics
7.Z2. Group 18 elements: occurence
7.Z3. Physical and chemical properties of group 18 elements
7.Z4. Uses of noble gases
8. The d- and f- Block Elements
8.A. Electronic configuration
8.B. occurrence and characteristics of transition metals
8.C. general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character
8.D. ionization enthalpy
8.E. oxidation states
8.F. colour
8.G. catalytic property
8.H. magnetic properties
8.I. interstitial compounds
8.J. alloy formation
8.K. preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4
8.L. Electronic configuration: lanthanide
8.M. oxidation states
8.N. chemical reactivity and lanthanide contraction
8.O. Electronic configuration, ionic size , oxidation state: actinides
8.P. oxidation states and comparison with lanthanides
8.Q. Some application of d- and f- block elements
9. Coordination Compounds
9.A. Werner’s theory of coordination compound
9.B. Definition of some important terms pertaining to coordination compounds
9.C. Nomenclature of coordination compounds
9.D. Isomerism in coordination compounds
9.E. Bonding ion coordination compounds: valence bond theory
9.F. Magnetic properties of coordination compounds
9.G. Crystal field theory
9.H. Colour in coordination compounds
9.I. Limitations to crystal field theory
9.J. Bonding in metal carbonyls and stability of coordination compounds
9.K. Importance and application of coordination compounds
10. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
10.A. Classification
10.B. Nomenclature
10.C. Nature of c-x bond
10.D. Method of preparation
10.E. Physical properties
10.F. Chemical reactions
10.G. Mechanism of SN1 and SN2 reaction
10.H. Grignard Reagent
10.I. Optical activity and chirality
10.J. Reaction of haloarenes
10.K. Electrophilic substitution reactions and reaction with metals
10.L. Freons, DDT, trichloromethane
10.M. tetrachloromethane
10.N. iodoform
11. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
11.A. Classification
11.B. Nomenclature of alcohols
11.C. Structures of functional group
11.D. Methods of preparation
11.E. physical and chemical properties( of primary alcohols only)
11.F. identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols
11.G. mechanism of dehydration
11.H. uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol
11.I. Phenols: Nomenclature
11.J. methods of preparation
11.K. physical and chemical properties
11.L. acidic nature of phenol
11.M. electrophilic substitution reactions
11.N. uses of phenols
11.O. Ethers: Nomenclature
11.P. methods of preparation
11.Q. Physical and chemical properties
12. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxyllic Acids
12.A. Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl compounds
12.B. methods of preparation of aldehydes
12.C. methods of preparation of ketones
12.D. physical and chemical properties
12.E. nucleophilic addition reactions
12.F. reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes
12.G. uses of aldehydes and ketones
12.H. Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature
12.I. acidic nature
12.J. methods of preparation
12.K. physical properties and acidity
12.L. Chemical properties
12.M. uses
13. Amines
13.A. Structure and classification
13.B. Amines: Nomenclature
13.C. methods of preparation
13.D. physical properties of amines
13.E. Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines
13.F. Electrophilic substitution of amines
13.G. chemical properties (basicity and acylation)
13.H. Diazonium salts: methods of preparation
13.I. Chemical reaction of diazonium salts I
13.J. Chemical reaction of diazonium salts II
13.K. Importance of diazonium salts
14.Biomolecules
14.A. Carbohydrates – Classification (aldoses and ketoses)
14.B. monosaccharides (glucose)
14.C. monosaccharides (Fructose)
14.D. Disaccharides ( sucrose,lactose,maltose)
14.E. polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen) importance
14.F. Proteins – Elementary idea of α – amino acids and classification
14.G. structure of proteins, fibrous and globular proteins
14.H. denaturation of proteins
14.I. enzymes
14.J. Hormones – Elementary idea excluding structure
14.K. Vitamins – Classification and functions
14.L. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
14.M. Biological function of nucleic acid
15.Polymers
15.A. Classification of polymers
15.B. methods of polymerization (addition and condensation)
15.C. Preparation of important addition polymers
15.D. Preparation of important condensation polymers: polyamides, polyesters
15.E. Bakelite, melamine-formaldehyde polymers
15.F. copolymerization
15.G. Molecular mass of polymer and biodegradable polymers
15.H. rubber
15.I. Polymers of commercial importance
16.Chemistry in Everyday Life
16.A. Drugs and their classification
16.B. Drug-target interaction
16.C. Therapeutic action of different classes of drugs: antacids
16.D. Antihistamines
16.E. Neurologically active drug: Tranquilizers antiseptics
16.F. Chemicals in medicines – analgesics
16.G. Antimicrobials: antibiotics
16.H. Antiseptic and disinfectants
16.I. Antifertility drugs
16.J. Antioxidants
16.K. Chemicals in food – preservations
16.L. Artificial sweetening agents
16.M. Cleansing agents: soap and detergents
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CBSE- Grade 11 Chemistry Syllabus

CBSE chemistry syllabus that covers all the required topics and units in an organized manner. Students from different boards can also visit this syllabus for reference. CBSE board conducts studies and research before modifying and prescribing syllabus for any class and subsequently implements changes time to time. Now download Chemistry syllabus for class 11 and know which are the chapters and units included and eliminated from the previous syllabus.

The list of units in class 11 Chemistry is mentioned below.

TOPICS

  1. Some Basics Concepts of Chemistry
  2. Structure of Atom
  3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
  4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
  5. States of Matter
  6. Thermodynamics
  7. Equilibrium
  8. Redox Reactions
  9. Hydrogen
  10. The s-block Elements
  11. The p- block Elements
  12. Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques
  13. Hydrocarbons
  14. Environmental Chemistry
1. Some Basics Concepts of Chemistry

1.A. Importance of Chemistry
1.B. Nature of Matter
1.C. Significant figures
1.D. Empirical and molecular formula
1.E. Chemical reactions
1.F. Uncertainty in Measurement
1.G. Laws of Chemical Combinations
1.H. Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1.I. Atomic and Molecular Masses
1.J. Mole concept and molar masses and percentage composition
1.K. Stochiometry and stoichiometric calculation

2. Structure of Atom
2.A. Sub-atomic Particles: Discovery of electrons
2.B. Discovery of protons and neutrons
2.C. Charge to mass ratio of electrons
2.D. Miliken’s oil drop experiment
2.E. Atomic Models: Thomsons model of atom
2.F. Rutherfords’ model and limitation
2.G. Atomic number and mass number, isotopes and isobars
2.H. Bohr’s model
2.I. Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation
2.J. Plank’s quantum theory
2.H. Photoelectric effect
2.I. Dual behavior of electromagnetic radiation
2.J. Atomic spectra
2.K. Line spectrum of Hydrogen
2.L. Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom
2.M. Towards Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom
2.N. Dual behavior of matter
2.O. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
2.P. Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
2.Q. Hydrogen atom and Schrodinger equation
2.R. Orbitals and quantum number
2.S. Shapes of atomic orbital
2.T. Energy of atomic orbitals
2.U. Auf Bau’s principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle, Hund’s rule of
maximum multiplicity
2.V. Electronic configuration of atoms, stability of completely filled and
half filled electrons
3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
3.A. Why do we need to classify elements
3.B. Genesis of periodic classification
3.C. Modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table
3.D. Nomenclature of elements having atomic atoms > 100
3.E. Electronic configuration of elements and the periodic table
3.F. Electronic configuration and type of elements: s,p,d, and f blocks
3.G. Metal non-metals and metalloids
3.H. Periodic trend in properties of elements: atomic radii
3.I. Ionic radius
3.J. Ionisation enthalpy
3.K. Electron gain enthalpy
3.L. Electronegativity
3.M. Valency or oxidation states
3.N. Anamolous property of second group elements
3.O. Periodic trend and chemical reactivity
4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
4.A. Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bonding
4.B. Octet rule
4.C. Covalent bonding
4.D. Lewis representation of simple molecules
4.E. Formal charge
4.F. Limitation to octet rule
4.G. Ionic or electrovalent bond
4.H. Bond parameters
4.I. Resonance structures
4.J. Polarity of bonds
4.K. VSEPR theory
4.L. Shapes of simple molecules according to VSEPR theory
4.M. Valence bond theory
4.N. Orbital overlap concept
4.O. Type of orbital overlap
4.P. Hybridisation
4.Q. Types of hybridization involving sp,sp2, sp3 and sp3d
4.R. Molecular orbital theory
4.S. Linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)
4.T. Condition for combination of atomic orbitals
4.U. Bonding in some homonuclear diatomic molecules
4.V. Hydrogen bonding
5. States of Matter
5.A. Intermolecular forces
5.B. Intermolecular forces vs thermal interactions
5.C. The gaseous state
5.D. Boyle’s law
5.E. Charle’s law
5.F. Gay Lussac law
5.G. Avagadro’s law
5.H. Ideal gas equation
5.I. Dalton’s law of partial pressure
5.J. Kinetic molecular theory of gases
5.K. Behaviour of real gas: Deviation from ideal gas
5.L. Liquifaction of gas
5.M. Liquid state- vapor pressure
5.N. Viscosity and surface tension
6. Thermodynamics
6.A. Thermodynamics terms: system of surrounding, types of system,
State of system
6.B. Internal energy as state function, work and heat
6.C. First law of thermodynamics – Application
6.D. Isothermal and free expansion of ideal gas
6.E. Enthalpy
6.F. Extensive and Intensive properties
6.G. Relationship between Cp and Cv for an ideal gas
6.H. Measurement of ΔU and ΔH
6.I. Enthalpy change: Standard enthalpy of reaction
6.J. Enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation
6.K. Enthalpy of atomization, sublimation, phase transition, solution
6.L. Hess’s law of constant heat summation
6.M. Spontaneity
6.N. Second law of Thermodynamics
6.O. Entropy and spontaneity
6.P. Gibbs energy and spontaneity
6.Q. Gibbs energy change and equilibrium
6.R. Third law of thermodynamics
7. Equilibrium
7.A. Equilibrium in physical processes: solid-liquid equilibrium,
Liquid-vapor equilibrium, Solid vapor equilibrium
7.B. Equilibrium Involving Dissolution of Solid or Gases in Liquids
7.C. General Characteristics of Equilibria Involving Physical Processes
7.D. Equilibrium in Chemical Process: Dynamic Equilibrium
7.E. Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Equilibrium Constant
7.F. Homogeneous Equilibria
7.G. Heterogeneous Equilibria
7.H. Application of Equilibrium Constant: Predicting the extent of reaction
7.I. Prediction of direction of reaction
7.J. Calculating equilibrium concentrations
7.K. Relation between equilibrium constant, reaction constant and
Gibbs energy
7.L. Factors affecting equilibrium
7.M. Factors affecting equilibrium (concentration, inert gas and Pressure)
7.N. Factors affecting equilibrium (catalyst and temperature)
7.O. Le-chatelier principle
7.P. Ionic equilibrium in solution
7.Q. Acids, bases, and salts
7.R. Ionisation of acids and bases
7.S. Acidic strength, concept of pH
7.T. Ionisation of weak acids and bases
7.U. Di and polybasic acids and bases
7.V. Factors affecting acidic strength
7.W. Hydrolysis of salts
7.X. Buffer solution
7.Y. Solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble salts
7.Z. Common ion effect on solubility of ionic salts
8. Redox Reactions
8.A. Classical idea of redox reaction- oxidation and reduction reaction
8.B. Redox reaction in term of electron transfer reactions
8.C. Oxidation number
8.D. Types of reactions
8.E. Balancing of redox reaction
8.F. Redox reaction as basis of titration
8.G. Redox reaction and electrode processes
9. Hydrogen
9.A. Position of Hydrogen in periodic table
9.B. Di-hydrogen: Occurrence and isotopes
9.C. Preparation of di-hydrogen
9.D. Properties of di-hydrogen and use
9.E. Hydrides
9.F. Physical and chemical properties of water
9.G. Hard and soft water
9.H. Hydrogen peroxide: Preparation and physical and chemical properties
9.I. Hydrogen peroxide: Structure and uses
9.J. Heavy water
9.K. Hydrogen as fuel
10. The s-block Elements
10.A. Group 1 elements: Alkali metals
10.B. Physical and chemical properties of alkali metals
10.C. General characteristics of compounds of alkali metals
10.D. Diagonal relationship
10.E. Anomalous properties of lithium and beryllium
10.F. Some important compounds of sodium: sodium carbonate
10.G. Sodium chloride
10.H. Sodium hydroxide
10.I. Sodium hydrocarbonate
10.J. Biological importance of sodium and potassium
10.K. Group 2 element : Alkaline earth metals
10.L. Chemical properties of group 2 elements and uses
10.M. General characteristics of compounds of alkaline earth metals
10.N. Some important compounds of calcium: Calcium oxide, calcium
Carbonate
10.O. Calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate
10.P. Biological importance of magnesium and calcium
11. The p- block Elements
11.A. Group 13 elements: boron family: electronic configuration, atomic
radii, electronegativity, ionization enthalpy
11.B. Physical properties and chemical properties of boron family
11.C. Important trends and anomalous properties of boron
11.D. Some important compound of boron: Borax, orthoboric acid, dibornae
11.E. Uses of boron and aluminium and their compounds
11.F. Group 14 elements: carbon family: electronic configuration, covalent
radii, electronegativity, ionisation enthalpy
11.G. Physical and chemical properties of carbon family
11.H. Important trends and anomalous behavior of carbon
11.I. Allotropes of carbon
11.J. Some important compound of carbon and silicon: Carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide
11.K. Silicon dioxide, silicones, silicates and zeolites
12. Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques
12.A. General Introduction
12.B. Tetravalence of carbon: Shapes of organic compound
12.C. “Structural representation of organic compounds: Complete,
Condensed and Bond-line, Structural Formulas, Three-Dimensional Representation of Organic molecules”
12.D. Classification of organic compound
12.E. Nomenclature of organic compounds: Nomenclature of alkanes
12.F. Nomenclature of organic compounds having functional group
12.G. Nomenclature of substituted benzene compound
12.H. Isomerism
12.I. Fundamental concepts of organic reactions mechanism
12.J. Nucleophiles and electrophiles, electron movement in organic reactions
12.K. Inductive effect
12.L. Resonance structures and resonance effect
12.M. Electromeric effect and hyperconjugation
12.N. Method of purification of organic compounds: Sublimation,crystallization, distillation
12.O. Differential extraction and chromatography
12.P. Qualitative analysis of organic compounds: detection of carbon and hydrogen, test for nitrogen
12.Q. Test for sulphur, halogen and phosphorus
12.R. Quantitative analysis for carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen
12.S. Quantitative analysis for Halogen, sulphur, phosphorus and oxygen
13. Hydrocarbons
13.A. Classification
13.B. Nomenclature of alkenes, alkanes and alkynes
13.C. Alkanes: Isomerism
13.D. Preparation of alkanes
13.E. Physical and chemical properties of alkanes
13.F. Combustion
13.G. Pyrolysis
13.H. Conformations
13.I. Alkenes: structure of double bond and isomerism
13.J. Preparation of alkenes
13.K. Physical and chemical properties of alkenes
13.L. Mechanism of antimarkovnikov addition
13.M. Mechanism of Markovnikov addition and oxidation
13.N. Ozonolysis
13.O. Alkynes: isomerism, structure of triple bond
13.P. Preparation of alkynes
13.Q. Physical properties of alkynes
13.R. Acidity of alkynes
13.S. Addition reaction and polymerisation
13.T. Aromatic compound: Nomenclature
13.U. Isomerism, structure of benzene
13.V. Resonance, aromaticity and stability of benzene
13.W. Preparation of benzene
13.X. Physical and chemical properties of benzene
13.Y. Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction
13.Z. Friedel Crtaft’s alkylation and caylation reaction
13.Z1. Directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted benzene
13.Z2. Carcenoginicty and toxicity
14.Environmental Chemistry
14.A. Environmental pollution
14.B. Atmospheirc pollution (tropospheric pollution): Gaseous pollutants,particulate pollutants
14.C. Global warming and greenhouse effect
14.D. Acid rain
14.E. Ozone hole
14.F. Water pollution: causes
14.G. International standard for drinking water
14.H. Soil pollution
14.I. Industrial waste
14.J. Strategies to control environmental pollution
14.K. Green chemistry introduction and application in day to day life