Tag: Biology

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CBSE- Grade 9 Biology Syllabus

CBSE syllabus always maintains a standard, If a student has trouble understanding a topic related to science, the student can go through questions and answers related to each topic covered in Class 9 Biology.

Some of the topics Covered include :

TOPICS

    1. The Fundamental Unit of Life
    2. Tissues
  • Diversity in Living Organisms
  • Why Do We Fall Ill?
  • Natural Resources
  • Improvement in Food Resources
1. The Fundamental Unit of Life

1.A. What are living organisms made of?
1.B. What is a cell made of? What is the structural organisation of a cell?

2. Tissues
2.A. Are Plants and Animals made of same type of Tissues?
2.B. Plant Tissues Animal Tissues
3. Diversity in Living Organisms
3.A. What is the basis of Classification?
3.B. Classification and Evolution The Hierarchy of Classification – Groups
3.C. Plantae
3.D. Animalia
3.E. Nomenclature
4. Why Do We Fall Ill?
4.A. Health and its Failure
4.B. Disease and its Causes
4.C. Infectious diseases
5. Natural Resources
5.A. The branch of life: Air
5.B. A wonder liquid: Water
5.C. Mineral Riches in the soil
5.D. Biogeochemical cycles
5.E. Ozone Layer
6. Improvement in Food Resources
6.A. Improvement in crop Yields
6.B. Animal Husbandry

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CBSE- Grade 8 Biology Syllabus

CBSE syllabus always maintains a sta and If a student has trouble understanding a topic related to science, the student can go through questions and answers related to each topic covered in Class 8 Biology.

Some of the topics Covered include :

TOPICS

  1. Crop Production and Management
  2. Microorganisms: Friend And Foe
  3. Conservation of Plants and Animals
  4. Cell- Structure and Functions
  5. Reproduction In Animals
  6. Reaching The Age Of Adolescence
1. Crop Production and Management

1.A. Agricultural Practices
1.B. Basic Practices of Crop Production
1.C. Preparation of Soil
1.D. Sowing
1.E. Adding Manure and Fertilizers
1.F. Irrigation
1.G. Protection from Weeds
1.H. Harvesting
1.I. Storage
1.J. Food from Animals

2. Microorganisms: Friend And Foe
2.A. Microorganisms
2.B. Where do Microorganisms Live ?
2.C. Microorganisms and Us
2.D. Harmful Microorganisms
2.E. Food Preservation
2.F. Nitrogen Fixation
2.G. Nitrogen cycle
3. Conservation of Plants and Animals
3.A. Deforestation and Its Causes
3.B. Consequences of Deforestation
3.C. Conservation of Forest and Wildlife
3.D. Biosphere Reserve
3.E. Flora and Fauna
3.F. Endemic Species
3.G. Wildlife Sanctuary
3.H. National Park
3.I. Red Data Book
3.J. Migration
3.K. Recycling of Paper
3.L. Reforestation
4. Cell- Structure and Functions
4.A. Discovery of the Cell
4.B. The Cell
4.C. Organisms show Variety in Cell Number, Shape and Size
4.D. Cell Structure and Function
4.E. Parts of the Cell
4.F. Comparison of Plants and Animals Cells
5. Reproduction In Animals
5.A. Modes of Reproduction
5.B. Sexual Reproduction
5.C. Asexual Reproduction
6. Reaching The Age Of Adolescence
6.A. Adolescence and Puberty
6.B. Changes at Puberty
6.C. Secondary Sexual Characters
6.D. Role of Hormones in Initiating Reproductive Function
6.E. Reproductive Phase of Life in Humans
6.F. How is the Sex of the Baby Determined ?
6.G. Hormones other than Sex Hormones
6.H. Role of Hormones in Completing the Life History of Insects and Frogs
6.I. Reproductive Health

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CBSE- Grade 7 Biology Syllabus

CBSE syllabus always maintains a sta and If a student has trouble understanding a topic related to science, the student can go through questions and answers related to each topic covered in Class 7 Biology.

Some of the topics Covered include :

TOPICS

  1. Nutrition in Plants
  2. Nutrition in Animals
  3. Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate
  4. Respiration in Organisms
  5. Transportation in Animals and Plants
  6. Reproduction in Plants
1. Nutrition in Plants

1.A. Mode of Nutrition in Plants
1.B. Photosynthesis – Food making process in Plants
1.C. Other modes of Nutrition in Plants
1.D. Saprotrophs
1.E. How nutrients are Replenished in Soil

2. Nutrition in Animals
2.A. Different ways of taking Food
2.B. Digestion in Humans
2.C. Digestion in grass eating Animals
2.D. Feeding and Digestion in Amoeba
3. Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate
3.A. Weather
3.B. Climate
3.C. Climate and Adaptation
4. Respiration in Organisms
4.A. Why do we Respire?
4.B. Breathing
4.C. How do we Breathe?
4.D. What do we Breathe out?
4.E. Breathing in other Animals
4.F. Breathing underWater
4.G. Do Plants also Respire?
5. Transportation in Animals and Plants
5.A. Circulatory System
5.B. Excretion in Animals
5.C. Transport of Substances in Plants
6. Reproduction in Plants
6.A. Modes of Reproduction
6.B. Sexual Reproduction
6.C. Fruits and Seed formation
6.D. Seed Dispersal
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CBSE- Grade 6 Biology Syllabus

CBSE syllabus always maintains a sta and If a student has trouble understanding a topic related to science, the student can go through questions and answers related to each topic covered in Class 6 Biology.

Some of the topics Covered include :

TOPICS

  1. Food:Where Does It Come From?
  2. Components Of Food
  3. Getting To Know Plants
  4. Body Movements
  5. The Living Organisms- Characteristics and Habitats
  6. Garbage In Garbage Out
1. Food:Where Does It Come From?

1.A. Food Variety
1.B. Food Materials and Sources
1.C. Plant Parts and Animal Products As Food
1.D. What Do Animals Eat?

2. Components Of Food
2.A. What Do Different Food Items Contain?
2.B. What Do Various Nutrients Do For Our Body?
2.C. Balanced Diet
2.D. Deficiency Diseases
3. Getting To Know Plants
3.A. Herbs, Shrubs and Trees
3.B. Stem
3.C. Leaf
3.D. Root
3.E. Flower
4. Body Movements
4.A. Human Body and Its Movements
4.B. “Gait Of Animals”
5. The Living Organisms- Characteristics and Habitats
5.A. Organisms and The Surroundings Where They Live
5.B. Habitat and Adaptation
5.C. A Journey Through Different Habitats
5.D. Characteristics Of Organisms
6. Garbage In Garbage Out
6.A. Dealing With Garbage
6.B. Vermicomposting
6.C. Think and Throw
6.D. Recycling Of Paper
6.E. Plastics- Boon or a Curse?
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CBSE- Grade 12 Biology Syllabus

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Students having trouble with tough biology chapters who wish to score better in their biology exams can refer to our free NCERT solutions which give students all that is necessary to prepare for their examinations and solve various math related problems. All that students need to do is go through these CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus and NCERT books and solve the questions and exercises given in each chapter. Students can be assured of positive results. NCERT text books can be very helpful for students in achieving maximum marks in their examinations.

Some of the topics covered are:

TOPICS

  1. Reproduction in Organism</strong
  2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
  3. Human Reproduction
  4. Reproductive Health
  5. Principle of Inheritence and Variation
  6. Molecular Basis of Inheritence
  7. Evolution
  8. Human Health and Disease
  9. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
  10. Microbes in Human Welfare
  11. Biotechnology: Principle and Processes
  12. Biotechnology and Its Application
  13. Organisms and Populations
  14. Ecosystem
  15. Biodiversity and Conservation
  16. Environmental Issues
1. Reproduction in Organism

1.A. Asexual reproduction
1.B. Sexual reproduction

2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
2.A. Flower- a fascinating organ of angiosperm
2.B. Pre-fertilisaiton- structures and events: stamen, microsporangium and pollen grain
2.C. The pistil, megasporangium (ovule) and embryo sac
2.D. Pollination
2.E. Agents of pollination
2.F. Outbreedings devices and pollen-Pistil interaction
2.G. Artificial hybridisation
2.H. Double fertilization
2.I. Post fertilization events-Development of endosperm and embryo
2.J. Seed
2.K. Apomixis and polyembryony
3. Human Reproduction
3.A. The male reproductive system
3.B. The female reproductive system
3.C. Gametogenesis
3.D. Menstrual cycle
3.E. Fertilisation and implantation
3.F. Pregnancy and embryogenic development, parturition and lactation
4. Reproductive Health
4.A. Reproductive health- problems and strategies
4.B. Population explosion and birth control
4.C. Medical treatment of pregnancy
4.D. Sexually transmitted diseases
4.E. Infertility
5. Principle of Inheritance and Variation
5.A. Mendel’s law of inheritance
5.B. Inheritance of one gene
5.C. Law of dominance and segregation
5.D. Incomplete dominance
5.E. Co-dominance
5.F. Inheritance of two genes
5.G. Law of independent assortment
5.H. Chromosomal theory of inheritance
5.I. Linkage and recombination
5.J. Sex determination in humans
5.K. Mutation
5.L. Genetic disorder: pedigree analysis
5.M. Mendelian disorder
5.N. Chromosomal disorders
6. Molecular Basis of Inheritence
6.A. The DNA: structure of polynucleotide chain
6.B. Packaging of DNA helix
6.C. The search for genetic material: transforming principle
6.D. The genetic material is DNA
6.E. Properties of genetic material (DNA vs RNA)
6.F. RNA world
6.G. Replication
6.H. The machinery and enzymes
6.I. Transcription
6.J. Genetic code
6.K. Mutations and genetic code, tRNA
6.L. Translation
6.M. Regulation of gene operation- Lac Operon
6.N. Human genome project
6.O. DNA fingerprinting
7. Evolution
7.A. Origin of life
7.B. Evolution of life form- a theory
7.C. What are the evidences for evolution
7.D. What is adaptive radiation
7.E. Biological evolution
7.F. Mechanism of evolution, Hardy Weinberg principle
7.G. A brief account of evolution
7.H. Origin and evolution of man
8. Human Health and Disease
8.A. Common diseases in human
8.B. Immunity: innate immunity
8.C. Acquired immunity
8.D. Active and passive immunity
8.E. Vaccination and immunisation
8.F. Allergies and autoimmunity
8.G. Immunity system in the body
8.H. AIDS
8.I. Cancer
8.J. Drugs and alcohol abuse
8.K. Prevention and control
9. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
9.A. Animal husbandy
9.B. Plant breeding
9.C. Biofortification
9.D. Single cell protein
9.E. Tissue culture
10. Microbes in Human Welfare
10.A. Microbes in household product and industrial products
10.B. Microbes in sewage treatment
10.C. Microbes in the production of biogas
10.D. MMicrobes in biocontrol agents
10.E. Microbes as biofertilisers
11. Biotechnology: Principle and Processes
11.A. Principle of biotechnology
11.B. Tools of recombinant DNA technology
11.C. Cloning vectors
11.D. Process of recombinant DNA technology
11.E. Obtaining the foreign gene product and downstream processing
12. Biotechnology and Its Application
12.A. Biotechnology application in agriculture
12.B. Biotechnology application in medicine
12.C. Transgenic animals
12.D.

13. Organisms and Populations
13.A. Organism and its environment: major abiotic factors
13.B. Responses to abiotic factors
13.C. Adaptation
13.D. Population attributes
13.E. Population growth
13.F. Life history variation and population interaction
14.Ecosystem
14.A. Ecosystem- structure and function
14.B. Decomposition
14.C. Energy flow
14.D. Ecological pyramids
14.E. Ecological successions
14.F. Nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorus)
14.G. Ecosystem services
15.Biodiversity and Conservation
14.A. Biodiversity
14.B. Patterns of biodiversity
14.C. The importance of species diversity to the ecosystem, loss of biodiversity
14.D. Biodiversity conservation
14.Environmental Issues
14.A. Air pollution and its control
14.B. Water pollution and its control
14.C. Solid wastes
14.D. Agro-chemical and their effects
14.E. Radioactive wastes
14.F. Greenhouse effect and global warming
14.G. Ozone depletion in the stratosphere
14.H. Degradation by improper resource utilisation and maintenance
14.I. Deforestation
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CBSE- Grade 11 Biology Syllabus

CBSE syllabus always maintains a sta and If a student has trouble understanding a topic related to science, the student can go through questions and answers related to each topic covered in Class11 Biology.

Some of the topics Covered include :

TOPICS

  1. Living World
  2. Biological Classification
  3. Plant Kingdom
  4. Animal Kingdom
  5. Morphology of Flowering Plants
  6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants
  7. Structural Organisation in Animals
  8. Cell: The Unit of Life
  9. Biomolecules
  10. Cell Cycle And Cell Division
  11. Transport in Plants
  12. Mineral Nutrition
  13. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
  14. Respiration in Plants
  15. Plant Growth and Development
  16. Digestion and Absorption
  17. Breathing and Exchange of Gases
  18. Body Fluids and Circulation
  19. Excretory Products and Elimination
  20. Locomotion and Movement
  21. Neural Control and Coordination
  22. Chemical Coordination and Integration
1. Living World

1.A. What is living
1.B. Diversity in the living world
1.C. Taxonomic categories
1.D. Taxonomical aids

2. Biological Classification
2.A. Kingdom monera
2.B. Kingdom protista
2.C. Kingdom fungi
2.D. Kingdom Plantae and animalia
2.E. Viruses, viroids and lichens
3. Plant Kingdom
3.A. Algae,Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperm
3.B. Angiosperm
3.C. Plant life cycle and alternation of generation
4. Animal Kingdom
4.A. Basis of classification
4.B. Classification of animals: phylum porifera, coelenterata, ctenophora, platyhelminthes
4.C. Phylum aschelminthes, annelida, artheopoda, mollusca, echinodermata, hemichordata
4.D. Phylum-chordata
5. Morphology of Flowering Plants
5.A. The root, the stem
5.B. The leaf
5.C. The infloresence and the flower
5.D. The fruit
5.E. The seed
5.F. Semitechnical description of some flowering plants
5.G. Description of some important fmilies: Febaceae, solanaceae,Liliaceae
6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants
6.A. The tissues, the tissue system
6.B. Anatomy of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants
6.C. Secondary growth: Vascular cambium and cork cambium, secondary growth in roots
7. Structural Organisation in Animals
7.A. Animal tissue: epithelial and connective tissue
7.B. Muscle tissue, neural tissue
7.C. Earthworm
7.D. Cockroach
7.E. Frogs
8. Cell: The Unit of Life
8.A. Cell theory and overview of cell
8.B. Prokaryotic cells
8.C. Eukaryotic cells:cell membrane and cell wall
8.D. endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles
8.E. mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies
8.F. cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function)
8.G. nucleus
9. Biomolecules
9.A. How to analyse chemical composition
9.B. Primary and secondary metabolites and bio macromolecules
9.C. Polysccharides
9.D. Nucliec acids and structure of proteins
9.E. Nature of bond linking monomers in a polymer
9.F. Dynamic state of body constituents- concept of metabolism
9.G. Metabolic basis for living and living state
9.H. Enzymes: chemical reaction, classification and nomenclature of enzymes and cofactors
9.I. Action and nature of enzyme, Factors affecting enzyme activity
10. Cell Cycle And Cell Division
10.A. Cell cycle
10.B. M phase and significance of mitosis
10.C. Mieosis I
10.D. Meiosis II and Significance if Mieosis
11. Transport in Plants
11.A. Means of transport
11.B. Plant-water relation
11.C. Long distance transport of water
11.D. Transpiration
11.E. Uptake and transport of mineral nutrients
11.F. Metabolism of nitrogen
12. Mineral Nutrition
12.A. Methods to study the mineral requirements of plants
12.B. Essential mineral elements
12.C. Macronutrient and micronutrient
12.D. Mechanism of absorption of elements and translocation of solutes, Soil as reservoir of essential elements
12.E. Deficiency of nutrients
12.F. Metabolism of nitrogen
13. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
13.A. What do we know and early experiments
13.B. Where does photosynthesis take place
13.C. How many pigments are involved in photosynthesis and light reaction
13.D. Electron transport
13.E. Where are the ATP and NADPH used
13.F. The C4 pathway
13.G. Photorespiration
13.H. Factors affecting photosynthesis
14.Respiration in Plants
14.A. Do plants breathe
14.B. Glycolysis
14.C. Fermentation
14.D. Aerobic respiration: Tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport system
14.E. The respiration balance sheet
14.F. Amphibolic pathway
14.G. Respiratory quotient
15.Plant Growth and Development
15.A. Growth, Condition of growth
15.B. Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation, Development
15.C. Plant growth regulators: characteristics and discovery of plant growth regulators
15.D. Physiological effects of plant growth regulators
15.E. Photoperiodism
15.F. Vernalisation
16.Digestion and Absorption
16.A. Digestive system: alimentary canal
16.B. Digestive glands and digestion of food
16.C. Absorption of digested products
16.D. Disorders of digestive system
17.Breathing and Exchange of Gases
17.A. Respiratory organs
17.B. Mechanism of breathing
17.C. Exchange of gases
17.D. Transport of gases
17.E. Regulation of respiration and disorder of respiratory system
18.Body Fluids and Circulation
18.A. Blood: plasma and formed elements
18.B. Coagulation of blood
18.C. Blood groups
18.D. Lymph
18.E. Circulatory pathways: human circulatory system
18.F. Cardiac cycle and ECG
18.G. Double circulation
18.F. Regulation of cardiac activity
18.G. Disorders of circulatory system
19.Excretory Products and Elimination
19.A. Human excretory system
19.B. Urine formation
19.C. Function of tubules
19.D. Mechanism of concentration of filtrate
19.E. Regulation of kidney function
19.F. Micturition
19.G. Role of other organ in excretion
19.H. Disorders of the excretory system
19.I. DIalysis
20.Locomotion and Movement
20.A. Types of movement
20.B. Muscle
20.C. Structure of contractile protein and mechanism of contration
20.D. Skeletal system
20.E. Joints
20.F. Disorders of muscular and skeletal system
21.Neural Control and Coordination
21.A. Human neural system
21.B. Neurons as structural and functional unit of neural system: generation and conduction of nerve impulse
21.C. Transmission of impulses
21.D. Central neural system
21.E. Reflex action and reflex arc
21.F. Sensory reception and processing: eye and ear
22.Chemical Coordination and Integration
22.A. Endocrine glands and hormones
22.B. Human endocrine system: hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland
22.C. Parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis and ovary
22.D. Role of hormones as messengers and regulators
22.E. Hormones of heart kidney and Gastrointestinal tract
22.F. Mechanism of hormone action
22.G. Disorders of endocrine glands